K. da Conceição1 and A. Mussagy2

Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Department of Biological Sciences, Maputo, Mozambique, 1komar.conceicao@gmail.com ; conceicao.kelvin@uem.ac.mz; 2amussagy@uem.mz

Introduction:

Wetlands are vital ecosystems that underpin biodiversity, water storage, and essential ecological services across Mozambique’s vast coastal and inland landscapes. Encompassing renowned RAMSAR sites such as the Zambezi Delta and Lake Niassa, these systems support both natural habitats and local communities. However, climate change—through altered hydrological regimes, intensified cyclones, prolonged droughts, dam-induced flow disruptions, unregulated mining, and urban expansion—is increasingly challenging their sustainability. Objectives: This research aims to assess the spatial distribution and vulnerability of Mozambique’s wetlands under evolving climatic conditions, evaluate hydrological and biodiversity impacts, and examine conservation strategies that promote transboundary water management and integrated ecosystem restoration. Methodology: A comprehensive analysis was undertaken via an extensive review of national and international reports (e.g., USAID, World Bank, Ramsar Convention) alongside spatial analysis of wetland distribution and hydrological data from major river basins. Policy frameworks affecting wetland management and ecosystem services were also critically evaluated. Results: Key findings indicate significant ecological and socio‑economic benefits provided by these wetlands alongside alarming disruptions in natural flow regimes. Shifts in flood and drought patterns and deteriorating water quality underscore mounting environmental and governance challenges that jeopardize both habitat integrity and community livelihoods. Conclusions:Enhanced resilience of Mozambique’s wetlands demands urgent, integrated water resource management, robust legal frameworks, and regional collaboration to mitigate climatic and human-induced stresses.

Keywords: Biodiversity, climate change, hydrology, wetlands