Eradicating hunger and all forms of malnutrition by 2030 is a global priority for promoting development and well-being, as defined by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The African Union's Malabo Declaration on agriculture transformation also set a target of "Zero Hunger" by 2025. However, the world remains significantly off track. Food security is a critical issue in Mozambique, marked by substantial challenges related to poverty, malnutrition, and economic vulnerability. Existing studies on food security in Mozambique often lack national-level analysis across all provinces, including both urban and rural areas, using recent representative survey data and experience-based measures.

This study aims to bridge this information gap by examining food insecurity at the national and subnational levels in Mozambique, utilizing recent representative household budget surveys and experience-based measures.

The study applied the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) to data from Mozambique's most representative household budget surveys: IOF 2019/2020 and IOF 2022.

The results reveal a high prevalence of food insecurity in Mozambique, with 75% in 2019/2020 and 64% in 2022. This indicates that Mozambique is far from achieving SDG 2. Subnational analysis shows that Sofala (93% in 2019/2020 and 83% in 2022) and Nampula (85% in 2019/2020 and 83% in 2022) exhibit the highest levels of food insecurity. Conversely, Maputo City (69% in 2019/2020 and 54% in 2022), Maputo Province (64% in 2019/2020 and 52% in 2022), and Niassa (69% in 2019/2020 and 51% in 2022) report relatively lower levels.

Keywords: Food Insecurity, Household Budget Survey, Mozambique