Due to extreme and changing climate conditions, soil degradation, pollution, and deforestation, yield-enhancing and natural conservation technologies have been shown to be more effective ways of dealing with the future of agriculture. Conservation agriculture (CA) is among best practices. However, it is highly debated in Sub-Sub-Saharan (SSA), with gaps in adoption levels, crop yield effects, applicability and feasibility, and policy agreement and practice in different farming systems. In assessing the rates of conservation agriculture’s adoption in both sites of study (Mozambique and DRC), the study found that farmers use three technologies (30%) namely, minimum soil disturbance, soil cover, and crop rotation simultaneously and soil cover (38%) in Angonia. However, farmers do not use the three CA technologies at the same time, but they use crop rotation (54%) in Kisangani (DRC). On the other hand, integration between policy-agriculture practices is the key to enabling the agricultural sector to contribute to sustainable agriculture and food security goals. However, the scope of lessons from the marriage between policy and agriculture practices is limited, and many available texts are from the developed world, lacking lessons extracted from the developing world. The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the governments’ support for CA in Kisangani (DRC) and Angonia (Mozambique). Therefore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants from nine institutions implementing CA with farmers. The study employed thematic content analysis for data analysis. The results show that institutions have the will to support farmers in CA. However, the study casts doubt on the government of Kisangani’s, (DRC) willingness to fund organisations that assist farmers in CA because the extension staff and farmers lack the basic necessities (transport, herbicides, fertilisers and equipment) to realise the full potential of the practice. The study also found poor harmonisation of programs, often emanating from poor coordination in both countries. The study recommends institutions and governments in general to avoid contradictions within the same sector of agriculture. The study further recommends institutions coordinate with each other in their activities to avoid assisting the same farmers at all times, neglecting others with same needs.

Keywords: uptake, integration, policy, agriculture, conservation, development