The contribution of multinationals to the local and national socio-economic development of developing countries is a matter of dispute. An example is the contribution of the social responsibility practices of mining multinationals, whether these practices be voluntary or legally-imposed, including the resettlement processes in some of these countries. Among these, Mozambique is one reference for understanding how this resettlement process evolves in practice in business, as it is the source of protest by communities, with potential for improvement. This paper presents an objective analysis of the subject, and it describes and compares the evaluation of the process of resettlement of a multinational operating in Mozambique (Vale SA). It is based on a comparative analysis of secondary scientific, technical, and publicly-available data. It presents the current debate, which generalises that there are multiple gaps in these resettlement processes. Companies report that they do not contextualise or respond to the major needs of resettled communities, and governments of developing countries admit that there is a lack of human and financial resources, in addition to the practice of dubious business ethics, which contribute to those multinationals in operation not carrying out the actions required to support the sustainable development of the host countries. With this research, we have contributed to the debate on this topic, and we make suggestions for further research which would entail the collection of primary data.

Keywords: Sub-Saharan Africa; rural transformation; resettled communities; social compensation.